Copyright and License

Retention of author rights

Authors retain copyright of their articles. By submitting a manuscript, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive licence to publish and distribute the article in print and electronic formats. This ensures that authors preserve the right to reuse their work for educational, scholarly, and professional purposes without additional permission from the editorial office.

Licensing terms

All articles are published under the international Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence. This licence allows users to copy, distribute, adapt, and reproduce materials in any medium or format, provided the original author and source are properly cited. The application of the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence facilitates the widest possible dissemination and reuse of research findings within the global scholarly community.